MontageoriginatesfromaFrencharchitectural(建筑学的)term,whichhasbeenborrowedbythefilm-makingfieldandreferstothechoosing,cuttingandcombiningofseparatephotographicmaterialsoastomakeaconnectedfilm①.Thefilmartistsdividethecontentintodifferentstages,scenes,etc.andtreatthemrespectively(分别);thenbasedonthethemeandtheplot,usecertaintechniques,toeditthem,producingtheeffectsofcoherence,echo,contrast,symbolization,exaggeration,foilandsuspense,resultinginanintegratedartisticwork②.InCharlieChaplin’sModernTimes,thefirstsceneisofaflockofsheepbeingputintothefold(羊栏),andthenextisofagroupofworkerssurginginto(涌进)thefactory.Thetwodifferentshots,editedandspliced(接合)together, implythatthecapitaliststreatworkersaslivestock(牲畜).Montagecanbedividedintonarrative(叙述性的)andexpressivemontage.Narrativemontageisbasedonthedevelopmentoftheplot,bywhichtheaudienceisattractedandenabledtofollowthechronological(按年代顺序排列的)order,tolearnthecausesandeffectseasily.Ifsubdivided(细分),narrativemontageconsistsofconsecutivemontage,paralleledmontage,crossingmontageandreviewingmontage③.Buttheyarenotusedseparately.Infilm,theymergeintoandsupplementoneanothertomanagethesubjectmorefreelyandthoroughly④.Expressivemontageisamoreabstract,general,suggestiveandsymbolicmethodcallingfortheaudience’sinitiative(主动),meditation(沉思)andanalysis(分析).Itincludescontrastivemontage,metaphoricalmontage,psychologicalmontageandrationalmontage⑤.Unlikenarrativemontage,expressivemontagecombinesalltheshotsdirectly,evenwithoutconcrete(具体的)images,andprobablyforcestheaudiencetounderstandintheirownwaytheinternalimplications(内涵)carriedoutbytheabstractcodes(符号). 【难句解析】 ①蒙太奇是电影的基本结构手段和叙事方式,是电影艺术的基础。蒙太奇一词来自法语,本是一个建筑学上的术语,意思是构成和装配。借用到电影艺术中,蒙太奇是指剪辑和组合。 ②在影片制作中,艺术家们根据剧本主题的需要、情节的发展将影片所要表现的内容分解为不同的段落、场面、镜头,分别进行拍摄和处理。然后再通过一定的艺术技巧,合乎逻辑而又富有节奏地把它们组合起来,使其相互作用而产生连贯、呼应、对比、暗示、夸张、衬托、悬念等效果,构成一部完整的艺术作品。 ③叙事蒙太奇具体可分为连续式蒙太奇、平行式蒙太奇、交叉式蒙太奇和复现式蒙太奇。 ④但它们不是孤立的运用,在影片制作过程中往往相辅相成,有机融合,互相衬托和补充,使叙述的内容更加丰富、自由和灵活。 ⑤表现蒙太奇具体可分为对比蒙太奇、隐喻蒙太奇、心理蒙太奇和理性蒙太奇。
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