ElectronicInkandPaper
Cambridge,Mass.-basedEInkCorp.isaleaderinthedevelopmentofelectronicinkand“paper”thatcouldreplacenewspapersandbooksasweknowthemtoday.
Theuseofelectronicinkandtwo-waywirelesscommunicationcouldleadtothecreationofelectronicbooksthatwillrenewthemselveswithnewselectionswhenreadersarefinishedwiththecurrentbook——ornewspapersthatupdatethemselveswiththelatestnewswhilebeingread.
Electronicink,asdevisedbyEInk,isaclear,liquidplasticinwhichtherearemicrocapsulesthatcontainwhitechipsinabluedye.Themicrocapsulesaresuspendedinasubstancesimilartovegetablecookingoil.Thewhitechipsarenegativelychargedsotheyreacttoelectricalstimulus.
Thisinkcanbespreadonanysurface——fromwallstocomputerscreens——saysRussellWilcox,vicepresidentandgeneralmanageratEInk.However,thewritingsurfacewouldlooksimilartoaverythinlaptopdisplayscreenwithaclearsurfaceonthefrontandcircuitryontheback.
Apositivechargeappliedonthetopsurfaceoftheinkwillallowthewhitetoshow,makingthesurfaceaswhiteasasheetofpaper.Ifthechargemovestothebottom,thedarkparticleswillshow,givingtheappearanceofblueink.ElectronicinkuseslesspowerthanaPalmPilot,andthemessageremainsdisplayedevenafterthepoweristurnedoff.
Theultimategoalisfortheelectronicpagestolookandfeellikepaper.However,fortheforeseeablefuture,thesenewbooksarelikelytobebulkierthanpaperbackbooks.
Electronicinkwillhaveinteractivequalities,althoughEInkisn'tsurepeoplewillbeabletowritewithitforawhile——theywillmainlyreceivemessages.XeroxCorp.isalsoworkingonatechnologythatcouldreplacepaperasportable,renewablereadingmatter.
TheXeroxtechnologyiscalledGyricon.It'scomposedofasiliconrubbercompoundwiththethicknessandflexililityofposterboard.TheGyriconsheetshavethousandsofplasticballssuspendedinoil.Eachballisblackononesideandwhiteontheotherandtogethertheyactaspixelstodisplayimages.Imagescanbeupdatedmuchthesamewayaswithamonitor.Thebeadsareembeddedinalargesheet,witheachmicrocapsulesuspendedinoiltoallowthebeadstorotateintheirorbits,saysRobertSprague,managerofthedocumenthardwarelabandelectronicpaperprojectsatXerox'sPaloAltoResearchCenter.Thepapercouldbepoweredbyamatrixoftransistors,suchasthoseinlaptopcomputerscreens.Gyriconusesreflectivelight,likerealpaper,soitwoulduselesselectricity.
AGyriconbookwilleventuallybeconnectedwithawirelessdevicethatwillenableareadertodownloadcontentfromtheInternet.
XeroxwillalsomaketheGyriconinteractive,soausercouldwriteonitandreuseit.
(美国)麻省坎布里奇市的EInk公司是开发电子墨水和“纸”的先导,这种墨水和纸将替代今天我们所知道的报纸与书籍。
利用电子墨水和双向无线通信有可能导致产生电子书籍(当读者看完当前的书本时,可以选择新书刷新)或者产生能边读边用最新消息自我更新的报纸。
由EInk公司发明的电子墨水是一种透明的液体塑料,里面有微型封装块,封装块内含有在蓝色染料中的白色小片。微型封装块悬浮在像食用油那样的物质中。白色小片带负电荷,因而它们能对电刺激作出反应。
据EInk公司的副总裁兼总经理RussellWilcox称,这种墨水可以涂在任何表面,从墙到计算机屏幕。然而,书写面看上去很像极薄的便携机显示屏,在正面有一透明的表面,在背面有线路。
加上墨水表面上方的正电荷将使白色显现出来,使表面像一张纸那样白。如果正电荷加到下方,黑粒子将显现出来,给出蓝墨水的痕迹。
电子墨水耗电比PalmPilot掌上型电脑还要少,甚至在断电之后信息仍能显示出来。
这种电子页面的最终目标是看上去和感觉上都像纸。但在可预见到的未来,这些新型书很可能比真正纸的书体积更大。
电子墨水具有交互的品性,虽然EInk公司吃不准人们是否会用它写字—它们主要用来接收信息。
施乐公司也在对一种能替代纸的技术——便携式、可刷新的读物,进行研究。
施乐的这项技术叫Gyricon。它由硅胶化合物组成,具有像广告宣传牌那样的厚度和柔软性。Gyricon片有成千上万个悬浮在油中的塑料球。每个球一面是黑的,另一面是白的,两者共同起到显示图形的像素的作用。图形能以监示器那样的同样方法进行更新。
施乐的PaloAlto研究中心文档硬件实验室和电子纸项目经理RobertSprague称,小球被嵌在很大的片子中,每个微型封装块悬浮在油中,允许小球在自己的轨道中旋转。这种纸能由晶体管阵列供电,如便携机屏幕那样。Gyricon像真正的纸那样利用反射光,因而它用较少的电。
Gyricon书最终将与无线设备相连,能使读者从因特网上下载内容。
施乐也将使Gyricon具有交互功能,因而用户能在它上面写字和反复使用。
